Changes between Version 2 and Version 3 of TracFineGrainedPermissions


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Timestamp:
Apr 20, 2015 8:51:57 PM (9 years ago)
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trac
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  • TracFineGrainedPermissions

    v2 v3  
    11= Fine grained permissions =
    2 
    3 Before Trac 0.11, it was only possible to define fine-grained permissions checks on the repository browser sub-system.
    4 
    5 Since 0.11, there's a general mechanism in place that allows custom permission policy plugins to grant or deny any action on any kind of Trac resources, even at the level of specific versions of such resources.
    6 
    7 Note that for Trac 0.12, `authz_policy` has been integrated in trunk branch as `tracopt.perm.authz_policy.*`
     2[[PageOutline(2-5, Contents, floated)]]
     3[[TracGuideToc]]
     4
     5There is a general mechanism in place that allows custom **permission policy plugins** to grant or deny any action on any kind of Trac resource, even at the level of specific versions of such resources.
     6
     7That mechanism is `authz_policy`, which is an optional module in `tracopt.perm.authz_policy.*`, so it is installed by default. It can be activated via the //Plugins// panel in the Trac administration module.
    88
    99== Permission Policies ==
    1010
    11 === !AuthzPolicy ===
    12 
    13 An example policy based on an Authz-style system has been added. See
    14 [trac:source:branches/0.11-stable/sample-plugins/permissions/authz_policy.py authz_policy.py] for details (current version requires >= Python 2.4). (See also [trac:source:branches/0.11-stable/sample-plugins/permissions sample-plugins/permissions] for more samples.)
    15 
    16  - Install [http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/configobj.html ConfigObj] (required).
    17  - Copy authz_policy.py into your plugins directory.
    18  - Put a [http://swapoff.org/files/authzpolicy.conf authzpolicy.conf] file somewhere, preferably on a secured location on the server, not readable for others than the webuser. If the  file contains non-ASCII characters, the UTF-8 encoding should be used.
    19  - Update your `trac.ini`:
    20    1. modify the [TracIni#trac-section permission_policies] entry in the `[trac]` section
    21 {{{
     11A great diversity of permission policies can be implemented and Trac comes with a few examples.
     12
     13Which policies are currently active is determined by a configuration setting in TracIni:
     14
     15{{{#!ini
     16[trac]
     17permission_policies = AuthzSourcePolicy, DefaultPermissionPolicy, LegacyAttachmentPolicy
     18}}}
     19This lists the [#AuthzSourcePolicy] described below as the first policy, followed by the !DefaultPermissionPolicy which checks for the traditional coarse grained style permissions described in TracPermissions, and the !LegacyAttachmentPolicy which knows how to use the coarse grained permissions for checking the permissions available on attachments.
     20
     21Among the optional choices, there is [#AuthzPolicy], a very generic permission policy, based on an Authz-style system. See
     22[trac:source:branches/1.0-stable/tracopt/perm/authz_policy.py authz_policy.py] for details.
     23
     24Another popular permission policy [#AuthzSourcePolicy], re-implements the pre-0.12 support for checking fine-grained permissions limited to Subversion repositories in terms of the new system.
     25
     26See also [trac:source:branches/1.0-stable/sample-plugins/permissions sample-plugins/permissions] for more examples.
     27
     28=== !AuthzPolicy ===
     29==== Configuration ====
     30* Install [http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/configobj.html ConfigObj].
     31* Put a [http://swapoff.org/files/authzpolicy.conf authzpolicy.conf] file somewhere, preferably on a secured location on the server, not readable for others than the webuser. If the  file contains non-ASCII characters, the UTF-8 encoding should be used.
     32* Update your `trac.ini`:
     33  1. modify the [TracIni#trac-section permission_policies] entry in the `[trac]` section:
     34{{{#!ini
    2235[trac]
    2336...
    2437permission_policies = AuthzPolicy, DefaultPermissionPolicy, LegacyAttachmentPolicy
    2538}}}
    26    2. add a new `[authz_policy]` section
    27 {{{
     39  1. add a new `[authz_policy]` section:
     40{{{#!ini
    2841[authz_policy]
    2942authz_file = /some/trac/env/conf/authzpolicy.conf
    3043}}}
    31    3. enable the single file plugin
     44  1. enable the plugin through [/admin/general/plugin WebAdmin] or by editing the `[components]` section:
     45{{{#!ini
     46[components]
     47tracopt.perm.authz_policy.* = enabled
     48}}}
     49
     50==== Usage Notes ====
     51
     52Note the order in which permission policies are specified: policies are implemented in the sequence provided and therefore may override earlier policy specifications.
     53
     54A policy will return either `True`, `False` or `None` for a given permission check. `True` is returned if the policy explicitly grants the permission. `False` is returned if the policy explicitly denies the permission. `None` is returned if the policy is unable to either grant or deny the permission.
     55
     56NOTE: Only if the return value is `None` will the ''next'' permission policy be consulted. If none of the policies explicitly grants the permission, the final result will be `False`, i.e. permission denied.
     57
     58The `authzpolicy.conf` file is a `.ini` style configuration file:
     59{{{#!ini
     60[wiki:PrivatePage@*]
     61john = WIKI_VIEW, !WIKI_MODIFY
     62jack = WIKI_VIEW
     63* =
     64}}}
     65* Each section of the config is a glob pattern used to match against a Trac resource descriptor. These descriptors are in the form:
    3266{{{
    33 [components]
    34 ...
    35 authz_policy.* = enabled
    36 }}}
    37 
    38 Note that the order in which permission policies are specified is quite critical,
    39 as policies will be examined in the sequence provided.
    40 
    41 A policy will return either `True`, `False` or `None` for a given permission check.
    42 Only if the return value is `None` will the ''next'' permission policy be consulted.
    43 If no policy explicitly grants the permission, the final result will be `False`
    44 (i.e. no permission).
     67<realm>:<id>@<version>[/<realm>:<id>@<version> ...]
     68}}}
     69
     70Resources are ordered left to right, from parent to child. If any component is inapplicable, `*` is substituted. If the version pattern is not specified explicitly, all versions (`@*`) is added implicitly. Example: Match the WikiStart page:
     71{{{#!ini
     72[wiki:*]
     73[wiki:WikiStart*]
     74[wiki:WikiStart@*]
     75[wiki:WikiStart]
     76}}}
     77
     78Example: Match the attachment `wiki:WikiStart@117/attachment:FOO.JPG@*` on WikiStart:
     79{{{#!ini
     80[wiki:*]
     81[wiki:WikiStart*]
     82[wiki:WikiStart@*]
     83[wiki:WikiStart@*/attachment:*]
     84[wiki:WikiStart@117/attachment:FOO.JPG]
     85}}}
     86
     87* Sections are checked against the current Trac resource descriptor '''IN ORDER''' of appearance in the configuration file. '''ORDER IS CRITICAL'''.
     88
     89* Once a section matches, the current username is matched against the keys (usernames) of the section, '''IN ORDER'''.
     90  * If a key (username) is prefixed with a `@`, it is treated as a group.
     91  * If a value (permission) is prefixed with a `!`, the permission is denied rather than granted.
     92
     93The username will match any of 'anonymous', 'authenticated', <username> or '*', using normal Trac permission rules. || '''Note:''' Other groups which are created by user (e.g. by 'adding subjects to groups' on web interface page //Admin / Permissions//) cannot be used. See [trac:ticket:5648 #5648] for details about this missing feature. ||
    4594
    4695For example, if the `authz_file` contains:
    47 {{{
     96{{{#!ini
    4897[wiki:WikiStart@*]
    4998* = WIKI_VIEW
     
    51100[wiki:PrivatePage@*]
    52101john = WIKI_VIEW
    53 * =
     102* = !WIKI_VIEW
    54103}}}
    55104and the default permissions are set like this:
     
    61110
    62111Then:
    63  - All versions of WikiStart will be viewable by everybody (including anonymous)
    64  - !PrivatePage will be viewable only by john
    65  - other pages will be viewable only by john and jack
    66 
    67 
    68 === mod_authz_svn-like permission policy ===
    69 
    70 At the time of this writing, the old fine grained permissions system from Trac 0.10 and before used for restricting access to the repository has not yet been converted to a permission policy component, but from the user point of view, this makes little if no difference.
    71 
    72 That kind of fine-grained permission control needs a definition file, which is the one used by Subversion's mod_authz_svn.
    73 More information about this file format and about its usage in Subversion is available in the  [http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.5/svn.serverconfig.pathbasedauthz.html Path-Based Authorization] section in the Server Configuration chapter of the svn book.
     112  * All versions of WikiStart will be viewable by everybody, including anonymous
     113  * !PrivatePage will be viewable only by john
     114  * other pages will be viewable only by john and jack
     115
     116Groups:
     117{{{#!ini
     118[groups]
     119admins = john, jack
     120devs = alice, bob
     121
     122[wiki:Dev@*]
     123@admins = TRAC_ADMIN
     124@devs = WIKI_VIEW
     125* =
     126
     127[*]
     128@admins = TRAC_ADMIN
     129* =
     130}}}
     131
     132Then:
     133- everything is blocked (whitelist approach), but
     134- admins get all TRAC_ADMIN everywhere and
     135- devs can view wiki pages.
     136
     137Some repository examples (Browse Source specific):
     138{{{#!ini
     139# A single repository:
     140[repository:test_repo@*]
     141john = BROWSER_VIEW, FILE_VIEW
     142# John has BROWSER_VIEW and FILE_VIEW for the entire test_repo
     143
     144# The default repository (requires Trac 1.0.2 or later):
     145[repository:@*]
     146john = BROWSER_VIEW, FILE_VIEW
     147# John has BROWSER_VIEW and FILE_VIEW for the entire default repository
     148
     149# All repositories:
     150[repository:*@*]
     151jack = BROWSER_VIEW, FILE_VIEW
     152# Jack has BROWSER_VIEW and FILE_VIEW for all repositories
     153}}}
     154
     155Very granular repository access:
     156{{{#!ini
     157# John has BROWSER_VIEW and FILE_VIEW access to trunk/src/some/location/ only
     158[repository:test_repo@*/source:trunk/src/some/location/*@*]
     159john = BROWSER_VIEW, FILE_VIEW
     160
     161# John has BROWSER_VIEW and FILE_VIEW access to only revision 1 of all files at trunk/src/some/location only
     162[repository:test_repo@*/source:trunk/src/some/location/*@1]
     163john = BROWSER_VIEW, FILE_VIEW
     164
     165# John has BROWSER_VIEW and FILE_VIEW access to all revisions of 'somefile' at trunk/src/some/location only
     166[repository:test_repo@*/source:trunk/src/some/location/somefile@*]
     167john = BROWSER_VIEW, FILE_VIEW
     168
     169# John has BROWSER_VIEW and FILE_VIEW access to only revision 1 of 'somefile' at trunk/src/some/location only
     170[repository:test_repo@*/source:trunk/src/some/location/somefile@1]
     171john = BROWSER_VIEW, FILE_VIEW
     172}}}
     173
     174Note: In order for Timeline to work/visible for John, we must add CHANGESET_VIEW to the above permission list.
     175
     176==== Missing Features ====
     177Although possible with the !DefaultPermissionPolicy handling (see Admin panel), fine-grained permissions still miss those grouping features (see [trac:ticket:9573 #9573], [trac:ticket:5648 #5648]). Patches are partially available, see authz_policy.2.patch, part of [trac:ticket:6680 #6680].
     178
     179You cannot do the following:
     180{{{#!ini
     181[groups]
     182team1 = a, b, c
     183team2 = d, e, f
     184team3 = g, h, i
     185departmentA = team1, team2
     186}}}
     187
     188Permission groups are not supported either, so you cannot do the following:
     189{{{#!ini
     190[groups]
     191permission_level_1 = WIKI_VIEW, TICKET_VIEW
     192permission_level_2  = permission_level_1, WIKI_MODIFY, TICKET_MODIFY
     193[*]
     194@team1 = permission_level_1
     195@team2 = permission_level_2
     196@team3 = permission_level_2, TICKET_CREATE
     197}}}
     198
     199=== !AuthzSourcePolicy  (mod_authz_svn-like permission policy) === #AuthzSourcePolicy
     200
     201At the time of this writing, the old granular permissions system from Trac 0.11 and before used for restricting access to the repository has been converted to a permission policy component. But from the user's point of view, this makes little if any difference.
     202
     203That kind of granular permission control needs a definition file, which is the one used by Subversion's mod_authz_svn.
     204More information about this file format and about its usage in Subversion is available in the [http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.5/svn.serverconfig.pathbasedauthz.html Path-Based Authorization] section in the Server Configuration chapter of the svn book.
    74205
    75206Example:
    76 {{{
     207{{{#!ini
    77208[/]
    78209* = r
     
    92223==== Trac Configuration ====
    93224
    94 To activate fine grained permissions you __must__ specify the {{{authz_file}}} option in the {{{[trac]}}} section of trac.ini. If this option is set to null or not specified the permissions will not be used.
    95 
    96 {{{
     225To activate granular permissions you __must__ specify the {{{authz_file}}} option in the {{{[trac]}}} section of trac.ini. If this option is set to null or not specified, the permissions will not be used.
     226
     227{{{#!ini
    97228[trac]
    98229authz_file = /path/to/svnaccessfile
    99230}}}
    100231
    101 If you want to support the use of the `[`''modulename''`:/`''some''`/`''path''`]` syntax within the `authz_file`, add 
    102 
    103 {{{
     232If you want to support the use of the `[`''modulename''`:/`''some''`/`''path''`]` syntax within the `authz_file`, add:
     233
     234{{{#!ini
    104235authz_module_name = modulename
    105236}}}
    106237
    107 where ''modulename'' refers to the same repository indicated by the `repository_dir` entry in the `[trac]` section. As an example, if the `repository_dir` entry in the `[trac]` section is {{{/srv/active/svn/blahblah}}}, that would yield the following:
    108 
    109 {{{
     238where ''modulename'' refers to the same repository indicated by the `repository_dir` entry in the `[trac]` section. As an example, if the `repository_dir` entry in the `[trac]` section is {{{/srv/active/svn/somemodule}}}, that would yield the following:
     239
     240{{{ #!ini
    110241[trac]
    111242authz_file = /path/to/svnaccessfile
    112 authz_module_name = blahblah
     243authz_module_name = somemodule
    113244...
    114 repository_dir = /srv/active/svn/blahblah
    115 }}}
    116 
    117 where the svn access file, {{{/path/to/svnaccessfile}}}, contains entries such as {{{[blahblah:/some/path]}}}.
     245repository_dir = /srv/active/svn/somemodule
     246}}}
     247
     248where the svn access file, {{{/path/to/svnaccessfile}}}, contains entries such as {{{[somemodule:/some/path]}}}.
    118249
    119250'''Note:''' Usernames inside the Authz file __must__ be the same as those used inside trac.
    120251
     252As of version 0.12, make sure you have ''!AuthzSourcePolicy'' included in the permission_policies list in trac.ini, otherwise the authz permissions file will be ignored.
     253
     254{{{#!ini
     255[trac]
     256permission_policies = AuthzSourcePolicy, DefaultPermissionPolicy, LegacyAttachmentPolicy
     257}}}
     258
    121259==== Subversion Configuration ====
    122260
    123261The same access file is typically applied to the corresponding Subversion repository using an Apache directive like this:
    124 {{{
     262{{{#!apache
    125263<Location /repos>
    126264  DAV svn
     
    132270}}}
    133271
    134 For information about how to restrict access to entire projects in a multiple project environment see [trac:wiki:TracMultipleProjectsSVNAccess]
    135 
    136 == Getting TracFineGrainedPermissions to work ==
    137 
    138 Don't forget to restart Trac engine to apply new configuration if you are running tracd standalone server.
     272For information about how to restrict access to entire projects in a multiple project environment see [trac:wiki:TracMultipleProjectsSVNAccess].
     273
     274== Debugging permissions
     275In trac.ini set:
     276{{{#!ini
     277[logging]
     278log_file = trac.log
     279log_level = DEBUG
     280log_type = file
     281}}}
     282
     283Display the trac.log to understand what checks are being performed:
     284{{{#!sh
     285tail -n 0 -f log/trac.log | egrep '\[perm\]|\[authz_policy\]'
     286}}}
     287
     288See the sourced documentation of the plugin for more info.
    139289
    140290----